{"id":389,"date":"2025-01-14T09:03:54","date_gmt":"2025-01-14T09:03:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/?p=389"},"modified":"2025-02-20T17:28:04","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T17:28:04","slug":"gada-koks-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/?p=389","title":{"rendered":"Gada koks 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Latvijas Dendrologu biedr\u012bba par Gada koku 2025 izv\u0113l\u0113jusies parasto gobu<\/strong>, izce\u013cot \u0161\u012b koka noz\u012bm\u012bgumu un piev\u0113r\u0161ot uzman\u012bbu arvien aktu\u0101lajai gobu Holandes slim\u012bbas izplat\u012bbai. Gobas m\u016bsdien\u0101s ir apdraud\u0113tas gan individu\u0101lu koku, gan me\u017eaud\u017eu l\u012bmen\u012b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Latvij\u0101 savva\u013c\u0101 ir sastopamas 2 gobu \u0123ints sugas \u2013 parast\u0101 goba\/Ulmus glabra<\/em><\/strong> un parast\u0101 v\u012bksna\/Ulmus leavis, kuras itin bie\u017ei tiek sav\u0101 starp\u0101 jauktas. V\u012bksnas p\u0113c izskata ir sam\u0113r\u0101 l\u012bdz\u012bgas gob\u0101m, ta\u010du t\u0101s parasti var itin labi at\u0161\u0137irt p\u0113c \u0161\u0101d\u0101m paz\u012bm\u0113m \u2013 gludas lapu virsmas, nesazarot\u0101m lapu dz\u012bsl\u0101m, maz\u0101kiem aug\u013ciem apm\u0113ram viena centa mon\u0113tas lielum\u0101, izteiktu lapas pamatnes asimetriju, turkl\u0101t ruden\u012b t\u0101s bie\u017e\u0101k kr\u0101sojas v\u012bnsarkanos to\u0146os. Apst\u0101d\u012bjumos ret\u0101k sastop ar\u012b stepes gobu\/Ulmus minor, zemo gobu\/Ulmus pumila un s\u012bkziedu gobu\/Ulmus parviflora, k\u0101 ar\u012b gobu starpsugu hibr\u012bdus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parast\u0101 goba\/Ulmus glabra ir majest\u0101tisks vasarza\u013c\u0161 gobu dzimtas koks, kas savva\u013c\u0101 sastopams vis\u0101 Latvijas teritorij\u0101 augl\u012bgos vid\u0113ji mitros lapu koku un jauktajos me\u017eos, bie\u017e\u0101k upju nog\u0101z\u0113s un palien\u0113s. Parast\u0101s gobas sastopamas ar\u012b parkos un apdz\u012bvotu vietu apst\u0101d\u012bjumos, jo izce\u013cas ar sp\u0113c\u012bgu augumu un pla\u0161i zarotu vainagu. Kopum\u0101 savva\u013c\u0101 parast\u0101 goba izplat\u012bta gandr\u012bz vis\u0101 Eiropas teritorij\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gob\u0101m rakstur\u012bga pel\u0113kbr\u016bna, gareniski saplais\u0101jusi miza, iegarenas, z\u0101\u0123zobainas lapas, kam rakstur\u012bgs viegli asimetrisks pamats, nosmailots gals un izteiktas lapu dz\u012bslas, kas virzien\u0101 uz lapas malu dak\u0161veid\u012bgi zarojas. Lapas abas puses kl\u0101tas raupjiem mati\u0146iem. Ruden\u012b lapojums parasti kr\u0101sojas dzeltenos to\u0146os. Zied agri pavasar\u012b pirms lapu plauk\u0161anas ar neuzkr\u012bto\u0161iem s\u0101rti violetiem ziediem, kurus apputeksn\u0113 v\u0113j\u0161. Aug\u013ci \u2013 nelieli iegareni rieksti\u0146i, ko vien\u0101 plakn\u0113 aptver pl\u0101ns sp\u0101rns apm\u0113ram divu centu mon\u0113tas lielum\u0101, kas nodro\u0161ina s\u0113klu t\u0101l\u0101ku izplat\u012bbu no m\u0101tes koka. Tie ien\u0101kas vasaras s\u0101kum\u0101, parasti \u013coti bag\u0101t\u012bgi. S\u0113klas agri zaud\u0113 d\u012bgtsp\u0113ju, t\u0101p\u0113c piem\u0113rotos apst\u0101k\u013cos \u0101tri sad\u012bgst. Gobu stumbru pamatn\u0113s ir rakstur\u012bgi sp\u0113c\u012bgi sak\u0146u izvirz\u012bjumi jeb kontrforsi. Gobu koksne ir bl\u012bva, elast\u012bga un sav\u0113rpta ar tum\u0161u kodolkoksni un izteiktu tekst\u016bru, izmantojama galdniec\u012bb\u0101 iek\u0161tepu m\u0113be\u013cu, palod\u017eu, saimniec\u012bbas priek\u0161metu izgatavo\u0161an\u0101, toties malkas skald\u012b\u0161anai gal\u012bgi nepiem\u0113rota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diem\u017e\u0113l gobas un ar\u012b v\u012bksnas intens\u012bvi slimo ar gobu Holandes slim\u012bbu<\/strong>, kas pirmo reizi konstat\u0113ta Eirop\u0101 20. gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101. Slim\u012bba ir komplekss vair\u0101ku faktoru ietekmes rezult\u0101ts, ierosin\u0101t\u0101js ir askus\u0113nes Ophiostoma novo-ulmi un Ophiostoma ulmi, kas att\u012bst\u0101s koka vadaudos un izraisa to aizaug\u0161anu, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 kokiem samazin\u0101s pievad\u012bt\u0101 \u016bdens daudzums un s\u0101kas ietekm\u0113to zaru lapu dzelt\u0113\u0161ana un kal\u0161ana. S\u0113ni no koka uz koku p\u0101rn\u0113s\u0101 vaboles \u2013 gremzdgrau\u017ei, kuru k\u0101puri barojas ar koku atmiru\u0161ajiem audiem. Pieaugu\u0161as vaboles p\u0101rlido no koka uz koku, izplatot s\u0113nes mic\u0113liju. S\u0113\u0146u infekcija var izplat\u012bties ar\u012b starp tuvu augo\u0161iem kokiem caur sakn\u0113m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gob\u0101m ir izveidotas vair\u0101kas skaistas dekorat\u012bv\u0101s \u0161\u0137irnes, kas ar\u012b kr\u012bt par upuriem posto\u0161ajai gobu Holandes slim\u012bbai. Atskatoties v\u0113stur\u0113, pirmais slim\u012bbas uzliesmojums re\u0123istr\u0113ts 20. gadsimta 20-tajos gados, tad atk\u0101rtoti 60-tajos un 70-tajos gados, un posto\u0161\u0101 slim\u012bba v\u0113l arvien nekur nav pazudusi. Parasti jaun\u0101ki infic\u0113tie koki p\u0101ris gadu laik\u0101 aiziet boj\u0101, bet lielie koki da\u017ek\u0101rt ilg\u0101k pretojas slim\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bbai. Latvijas parasto gobu popul\u0101cija p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s desmitgad\u0113s ir b\u016btiski samazin\u0101jusies, aizg\u0101ju\u0161i boj\u0101 daudzi seni, ar\u012b di\u017ekoka izm\u0113ra, koki, izraisot p\u0101rmai\u0146as ainavas l\u012bmen\u012b, \u012bpa\u0161i viet\u0101s, kur gobas aug kop\u0101 ar parastajiem o\u0161iem, kas mirst citu slim\u012bbu infic\u0113ti. P\u0113d\u0113jo 2 gadu laik\u0101 noz\u0101\u0123\u0113tas ar\u012b vien\u012bg\u0101s R\u012bgas pils d\u0101rz\u0101 augu\u0161\u0101s simtgad\u012bg\u0101s gobas, ko piev\u0101r\u0113ja posto\u0161\u0101 slim\u012bba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113c Valsts me\u017ea dienesta 2023. gada datiem me\u017eaudzes, kur valdo\u0161\u0101 koku suga ir goba vai v\u012bksna, veidoja 2 175 ha jeb tikai 0,07% no visiem Latvijas me\u017eiem.<\/strong>
Ir pamats uzskat\u012bt, ka gobu skaits Latvij\u0101 strauji samazin\u0101s<\/strong>, \u012bpa\u0161i attiecinot uz lielajiem kokiem. P\u0113c 6217 koku detaliz\u0113ta nov\u0113rt\u0113juma 11 Latvijas parkos<\/strong> p\u0113d\u0113jos 5 gados secin\u0101ms, ka vid\u0113ji parast\u0101s gobas izplat\u012bba ir 1,64%<\/strong> jeb katrs 61 koks, bet aptuveni 40% no tiem ir jau nokaltu\u0161i vai kalsto\u0161i (nepublic\u0113ti dati G.Leiburgs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reti sastopamo gobu un v\u012bksnu aud\u017eu, k\u0101 ar\u012b Ogres upes vecupju aizsardz\u012bbai un saglab\u0101\u0161anai dabas park\u0101 \u201cOgres ieleja\u201d 1977. gad\u0101 izveidots liegums \u201cV\u0113renes gobu un v\u012bksnu audze\u201d. Ar\u012b tur nov\u0113rojama masveida gobu boj\u0101eja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja neslimo, gobas ir ilgdz\u012bvot\u0101jas, kas var sasniegt vair\u0101k k\u0101 200 gadu vecumu. Latvij\u0101 noteiktais di\u017ekoka parametrs parastajai gobai ir 4 m stumbra apk\u0101rtm\u0113rs 1,3 m augstum\u0101 no sak\u0146u kakla. Latvij\u0101 kopum\u0101 ir re\u0123istr\u0113ti vair\u0101ki desmiti di\u017egobu, liel\u0101kaj\u0101m stumbra apk\u0101rtm\u0113rs p\u0101rsniedz 6 m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko dar\u012bt ar kalsto\u0161aj\u0101m gob\u0101m? Jaunos slim\u012bbas skartos kokus rekomend\u0113jo\u0161i noz\u0101\u0123\u0113t un utiliz\u0113t, bet lielo dimensiju v\u0113l dz\u012bvos kokus \u2013 sakopt, izz\u0101\u0123\u0113jot boj\u0101tos zarus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Latvijas Dendrologu biedr\u012bba aicina neaizmirst \u0161os izcili ainaviskos un v\u0113rt\u012bgos kokus. Parasto gobu st\u0101d\u012bt neb\u016btu v\u0113lams, bet toties kokaudz\u0113tav\u0101s var izv\u0113l\u0113ties k\u0101du no slim\u012bbas iztur\u012bgaj\u0101m gobu \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m<\/strong>: \u2018New Horizon\u2019\u00ae, \u2018Rebona\u2019\u00ae, \u2018Rebella\u2019\u00ae,\u2018Fiorente’\u00ae, ‘Wredei’, ‘Columella’, ‘Lobel’, \u2018Saporo Autumn Gold\u2019 un citas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inform\u0101ciju sagatavoja:
Latvijas Dendrologu biedr\u012bba Linda Strode, Gvido Leiburgs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vair\u0101k par gob\u0101m:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

LR1 raid\u012bjuma ierakst\u0101\/podk\u0101st\u0101 Zin\u0101mais nezin\u0101maj\u0101<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

vietn\u0113 www.dabasdati.lv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

vietn\u0113 www.dziedava.lv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017eurn\u0101l\u0101 “D\u0101rza pasaule” 2025. gada marta numur\u0101<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Latvijas Dendrologu biedr\u012bba par Gada koku 2025 izv\u0113l\u0113jusies parasto gobu, izce\u013cot \u0161\u012b koka noz\u012bm\u012bgumu un piev\u0113r\u0161ot uzman\u012bbu arvien aktu\u0101lajai gobu Holandes slim\u012bbas izplat\u012bbai. Gobas m\u016bsdien\u0101s ir apdraud\u0113tas gan individu\u0101lu koku, gan me\u017eaud\u017eu l\u012bmen\u012b. Latvij\u0101 savva\u013c\u0101 ir sastopamas 2 gobu \u0123ints sugas \u2013 parast\u0101 goba\/Ulmus glabra un parast\u0101 v\u012bksna\/Ulmus leavis, kuras itin bie\u017ei tiek sav\u0101 starp\u0101 … Turpin\u0101t las\u012b\u0161anu Gada koks 2025<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/phe9dM-6h","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=389"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":442,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/389\/revisions\/442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dendrologiem.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}